Cyanobacteria are a phylum of bacteria (prokaryotes), also known as “blue-green algae“. Until recently this phylum included the unique class of Cyanophyceae or Oxyphotobacteria. These bacteria fix carbon dioxide carbon by photosynthesis and release oxygen.
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Table of Contents
- 1 What is the best cyanobacteria to buy?
- 2 Best Cyanobacteria Reviews
- 3 Offers and Discounts
- 4 Cheap Cyanobacteria
- 5 Buy Cyanobacteria Online
- 5.1 Chemi-Clean - 2 g
- 5.2 Ultralife Blue Green Slime Stain Remover
- 5.3 A Guide to Cyanobacteria: Identification and Impact
- 5.4 Toxic Puzzle
- 5.5 Fauna Marin RED X (250 ml) Removes Red Cyanobacteria
- 5.6 Cyanobacteria
- 5.7 Fauna Marin RED X (500 ml) Removes Red Cyanobacteria
- 5.8 Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A Guide to Their Public Health Consequences, Monitoring and Management
- 5.9 Cyanobacteria
- 5.10 Life on a Young Planet: The First Three Billion Years of Evolution on Earth - Updated Edition (Princeton Science Library Book 35)
- 6 Best Cyanobacteria 2022
- 7 References
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In 2013 a group of bacteria related to the known but non-photosynthetic cyanobacteria was discovered in the human gut and in surface waters. It forms the class Melainabacteria (en), or perhaps a new phylum.
In 2017 a new group was discovered, related to the previous ones but phylogenetically basal, also non-photosynthetic. It forms the class Sericytochromatia, or perhaps a new phylum.
More than 7,500 species of cyanophyceae are known (of which at least 200 may be free, i.e. non-symbiotic and capable of independent life), distributed in more than 150 genera.
The taxa contained in the phylum Cyanobacteria have not been validated by the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision), except :
- the classes Chroobacteria, Hormogoneae and Gloeobacteria,
- the orders Chroococcales, Gloeobacterales, Nostocales, Oscillatoriales, Pleurocapsales and Stigonematales,
- the families Prochloraceae and Prochlorotrichaceae,
- the genera Halospirulina, Planktothricoides, Prochlorococcus, Prochloron, Prochlorothrix and Rubidibacter.
The species names Crinalium epipsammum De Winder et al. 1991, Microcystis aeruginosa Otsuka et al. 2001, Planktothrix mougeotii Suda et al. 2002 and Planktothrix pseudagardhii Suda and Watanabe 2002 are subsequent to the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision).
Cyanobacteria, despite a possible superficial and ecological resemblance, are not algae but colonial bacteria. They are mostly filamentous forms of possibly sticky consistency, the majority of which are microscopic. Despite their vernacular name they can take on various colours and are rarely blue. These colours come from the blue (phycocyanins) and red (phycoerythrins) pigments that mask chlorophyll a.
Oxyphotobacteria perform oxygen photosynthesis and can therefore transform solar energy into chemical energy that can be used by the cell by fixing carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing oxygen (O2). Some of them can under certain conditions fix nitrogen. They are able to consume the organic carbon present in their environment.
There is evidence of CO2 fixation for at least 3.7 Ga, but nothing is known about the organisms that cause it. Cyanobacteria and their ancestors have produced a major ecological upheaval through their release of oxygen into the atmosphere (they are responsible for the Great Oxidation at around 2.45 Ga) and their contribution to the first biological carbon sink and deacidification of the oceans, when they organized themselves into fixed colonies (stromatolites) capable of producing limestone.
Their growing populations, among others in France, favoured by trophic or ecological imbalances (including water eutrophication), pose various problems: obstruction of filtration systems, colouring and sometimes dystrophication of water or anoxia, with secondary metabolites giving a bad taste to the water (geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, p-cyclocitral…) and some causing serious toxicoses. About forty known species secrete or contain cyanotoxins, which are generally neurotoxins that can cause death in various animals, including humans. These toxins are among the most potent natural poisons known and have no known antidote.
The therapeutic properties of mud baths are believed to be largely due to cyanobacteria. Some species such as spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) are used as a food supplement.
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- cleans many types of stains from cyanobacteria
- works in fresh and salt water
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- Age range description: all stages
- Ultralife Reef Products Blue Green Algae Remover
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- Ultralife Reef Products Blue Green Algae Remover
- Truly a product you should not be without
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- Nienaber, Mark A. (Author)
- English (Publication Language)
- 186 Pages - 06/29/2018 (Publication Date) - University Press of Kentucky (Publisher)
- cleans many types of stains from cyanobacteria
- works in fresh and salt water
- safe for all fish, corals, invertebrates, nitrifying bacteria and macro algae s.
- Age range description: all stages
- Ultralife Reef Products Blue Green Algae Remover
- Truly a product you should not be without
- Simple add Blue Green Algae Remover and watch the brilliant colors come back to your aquarium as the Blue Green Algae disappears.
- Ultralife Reef Products Blue Green Algae Remover
- Truly a product you should not be without
- Simple add Blue Green Algae Remover and watch the brilliant colors come back to your aquarium as the Blue Green Algae disappears
- Nienaber, Mark A. (Author)
- English (Publication Language)
- 186 Pages - 06/29/2018 (Publication Date) - University Press of Kentucky (Publisher)
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Chemi-Clean - 2 g
- cleans many types of stains from cyanobacteria
- works in fresh and salt water
- safe for all fish, corals, invertebrates, nitrifying bacteria and macro algae's.
- Age range description: all stages
Ultralife Blue Green Slime Stain Remover
- Ultralife Reef Products Blue Green Algae Remover
- Truly a product you should not be without
- Simple add Blue Green Algae Remover and watch the brilliant colors come back to your aquarium as the Blue Green Algae disappears.
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- Truly a product you should not be without
- Simple add Blue Green Algae Remover and watch the brilliant colors come back to your aquarium as the Blue Green Algae disappears
A Guide to Cyanobacteria: Identification and Impact
- Nienaber, Mark A. (Author)
- English (Publication Language)
- 186 Pages - 06/29/2018 (Publication Date) - University Press of Kentucky (Publisher)
Toxic Puzzle
- Amazon Prime Video (Video on Demand)
- Paul A. Cox, Bo Landin (Actors)
- Bo Landin (Director) - Bo Landin (Producer)
- English (Playback Language)
- English (Subtitle)
Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A Guide to Their Public Health Consequences, Monitoring and Management
- Hardcover Book
- English (Publication Language)
- 858 Pages - 03/08/2021 (Publication Date) - CRC Press (Publisher)
Life on a Young Planet: The First Three Billion Years of Evolution on Earth - Updated Edition (Princeton Science Library Book 35)
- Amazon Kindle Edition
- Knoll, Andrew H. (Author)
- English (Publication Language)
- 288 Pages - 03/22/2015 (Publication Date) - Princeton University Press (Publisher)
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Best Cyanobacteria 2022
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References
- Yadav, RK, Tripathi, K, Varghese, E, Abraham, G. Physiological and Proteomic Studies of the Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Acclimated to Desiccation Stress. Curr Microbiol. 2021; :. doi: 10.1007/s00284-021-02504-x. PubMed PMID:33983480 .
- Lin, B, Liu, J, Zhang, X, Weng, C, Lin, Z. The Flora Compositions of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and the Differential Expression of H Gene in z.x.lin Roots. Biomed Res Int. 2021;2021 :5568845. doi: 10.1155/2021/5568845. PubMed PMID:33981770 PubMed Central PMC8088366.
- Laureano-Rosario, AE, McFarland, M, Bradshaw, DJ 2nd, Metz, J, Brewton, RA, Pitts, T et al.. Dynamics of microcystins and saxitoxin in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. Harmful Algae. 2021;103 :102012. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102012. PubMed PMID:33980451 .
- Osburn, FS, Wagner, ND, Scott, JT. Biological stoichiometry and growth dynamics of a diazotrophic cyanobacteria in nitrogen sufficient and deficient conditions. Harmful Algae. 2021;103 :102011. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102011. PubMed PMID:33980450 .
- Dreher, TW, Davis, EW 2nd, Mueller, RS. Complete genomes derived by directly sequencing freshwater bloom populations emphasize the significance of the genus level ADA clade within the Nostocales. Harmful Algae. 2021;103 :102005. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102005. PubMed PMID:33980445 .
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Last update 2021-01-05. Price and product availability may change.